Green Revolution, Rice Pests, and Environment

Green Revolution in Indonesia was initiated by the introduction of new high yielding rice varieties (VUB) IR5 and IR8 are responsive to fertilizer, especially nitrogen. VUB will produce grain 2-3 times higher than the results of the local varieties that urea fertilizer at high doses (200-300 kg urea / ha). VUB planting early maturing age to moderate and greedy to facilitate fertilization increased cropping intensity. Intensification of cultivation VUB continuously mengalterasi physico-chemical soil and microclimate. Thus, there arose a new biotype of new pests and pathogens patotipe. More control using pesticides. Brigades controlling pests and diseases in the area formed Guidance for spraying one, two, even three times a week. Natural enemies of pests go extinct due to excessive pesticide applications. Technological modernization of rice production systems resulted into a trap pest management complexity previously unimaginable (Tri Pranadji et al., 2005).

Pest and Disease Control in Integrated Rice

Due to population growth still high. Pests and diseases is one of the programs to increase rice production constraints. Increased production constraints will increasingly complex due to global climate change.

Pests and diseases of rice is one of the biotic stresses that cause results gap between potential yield and actual results, and also led to the production of unstable. In Southeast Asia rice yields average 3.3 t / ha, whereas the results of which can be reached 5.6 t / ha. The results gap caused by disease and pests by 12.6% 15.2% (Oerke et al. 1994). In Indonesia, the potential results are released rice varieties ranged from 5-9 t / ha (Suprihanto et al. 2006), while the results of a new nationwide reached an average of 4.32 t / ha (BPS 2001).

Rats attack cause

Due to rat infestation because it is not really a rat but because we are. Because of our efforts are lacking. What have we done to our fields to maintain production of rat infestation? Is it in the bait with poison? how did it go? Is it done together? how did it go? already done but the rats keep attacking? , Exactly what is lacking? We are not informed about the nature of mice.

Rats have the ability and higher intelligence than other rice pests

1. Able to hide in a safe place he made ??a hole

2. Has a far range attack

3. Suspicious of foreign objects

4. Able to dive and swim

5. Able to climb and jump from a certain height

6. Able to eat a variety of plant species (Polyfagus)

7. Able to reproduce quickly and a lot (1 pair tail mice were able to bear 2048 for 1 year)

8. Rat teeth continue to grow so that needs to be sharpened.

Mites

Mites are eight-limbed group of small animals that are members Superorder Acarina. Different mites with insects (Insecta), but further categorized on spiders. Until now there are dozens of species of mites that have been found, but not yet stable taxonomy mites because there were many changes. In dry conditions the optimum temperature 27 ° C mite can hatch in 3 days, and become sexually mature within 5 days. The tail of the female mite can lay up to 20 eggs per day and can live for 2-4 weeks and can lay hundreds of eggs. A single female mite can reduce up to one million head of population of mites in a month's time. Very rapid rate of reproduction allows populations to adapt and resist mite pesticides, so chemical control methods become less effective when pesticides with the same active ingredient used in a long time.