In the vegetative phase ( 15-42 days after planting )

1 . Stem borer ( Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee )In general, Ostrinia furnacalis eggs that reached 90 points put on the bones of the lower leaves of the top three leaves . Caterpillar coming out of the egg to the male flowers and spread with the wind . Some are directly broaching the veins that have been opened , then headed rod and the rod gnawing and forming the hallway leading to the top . After reaching the top book , caterpillar to book right down the bottom. Pupae caterpillar in the trunk . A female moths lay eggs capable of 300-500 grains . Life cycle of 22-45 days . Corn stalk usually broken then the plants die because cessation of trans location of nutrients from roots to leaves . Ostrinia furnacalis O. furnacalis began at the age of 40 HST found that there are only 4 groups of eggs ( KT ) per 100 plants . Based on observations in the laboratory from 4 KT fairly low number of eggs per group is only about 10-15 eggs per group. Stem borer larval population is quite low at 50 days after planting the plants with 6 larva/100 instars 2-3 . In the next at 60 HST observations are only 3 larval instars 3-4 that the observation was further larvae become pupae at 80 days after planting .Control : by using insecticide Carbofuran 3 % on top of as much as 2-3 g of crop plants .

2 . Armyworm ( Spodoptera litura F. , Mythimna separata )The caterpillars appear implanted after 11-30 HST . Attack on young plants can inhibit plant growth can even kill plants . Heavy attack on the crop can result in leaf bones live alone . Female moths lay groups of eggs are covered with fine hairs red- brown color on the lower surface of the leaf . Each group consisted of eggs 100-300 grains . A female moths lay eggs capable of 1000 - 2000 points . Period eggs 3-4 days , the caterpillar 17-20 days , pupae 10-14 days . Life cycle 36-45 days . Control : by using insecticide Carbofuran 3 % given the plant shoots .
3 . Corn plant hopper ( Peregrinus maidis ASHM . )Shape and size similar to the adult insect pest brown planthopper adults who subjugate rice . Life cycle of 25 days , 8 days past the egg , egg elliptic and slightly bent ( such as bananas ) , translucent white color that is placed on the leaf midrib tissue separately or in groups . Had befallen 5 instar , first instar reddish color then gradually changed into yellowish white . Along the upper surface of the body there are small spots of brown . The first instar like new leaves tebuka , leaf midrib , leaf and flower petals are young males and soft . Body of adult leafhoppers brownish yellow , translucent wings and two black eyes . There are spikes on the back of the tibia can rotate. No adult insects have wings long and some are short winged . Have spots on the wing tips and yellow stripes on the back . While on a short winged have transparent wings with dark spots . Both have the characteristic pattern of black and white on the ventral abdomen . Thrive in the rainy season is more than 500 crops in maize ± 2 months of age , whereas in the dry season relatively low population of only 1-23 tail cropping . Symptoms on leaves appear yellow striped patches , short lines continued to falter until the veins especially in the second and third . Leaves appear yellow striped long , so did the leaf midrib . Plant growth will be stunted , a dwarf , crops to wither and dry ( hopper burn ) . Control : simultaneous planting time , planting time is done at the end of the rainy season and when using insecticide use insecticide Carbofuran 3 % .
4 . Disease leaf spot ( Bipolaris maydis )Cause of the disease is a fungal leaf spot Helminthosporium turcicum Pass . or Helminthosporium maydis Nisik . Maize plants attacked by this fungus showed symptoms such as hay grayish brown spots on the leaf surface with a length of 4 cm and a width of 0.6 cm to Bipolaris maydis , and to H. turcicum has a length of 5-15 cm and a width of 1-2 cm . Spread of leaf spot disease in South Sulawesi .Control : use of varieties resistant to H. turcicum in the highlands , such as the Pioneer - 8 , NK - 11 , Kenia - 1.
USE CHEMICALSSeed treatment  - 1 metalaxyl -treated ( 2.5 g / kg ) and NPK fertilizer were added Nordox56WP ( each 1 kg NPK added 5 g Nordox56WP ) value of the average score of the statistical very significantly different from the control value score .
5 . Blight disease / Upih Leaves ( Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn )Cause of this disease is the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn . Leaf spot symptoms also widened on the red midrib grayish , seen a white granules which can change color to brown that sticks to the surface of the leaf / stem infected . General strike during the rainy season . Control : by using antagonistic fungus Trichoderma viride.